Part 1. "Men of Stone and of Iron": The African Slave Trade --
1.1. The Beginnings of the Portuguese-African Slave Trade in the Fifteenth Century, as Described by the Chronicler Gomes Eannes de Azurara 5 --
1.2. The Enslavement Process in the Portuguese Dominions of King Philip III of Spain in the Early Seventeenth Century 11 --
1.3. A Portuguese Doctor Describes the Suffering of Black Slaves in Africa and on the Atlantic Voyage (1793) 15 --
1.4. A Young Black Man Tells of His Enslavement in Africa and Shipment to Brazil about the Middle of the Nineteenth Century 23 --
1.5. An Ex-Slavetrader's Account of the Enslavement Process in Africa and the Illegal Traffic to Brazil (1848-1849) 28 --
1.6. "It Was the Same as Pigs in a Sty": A Young African's Account of Life on a Slave Ship (1849) 37 --
1.7. A Slave Revolt at Sea and Brutal Reprisals (1845) 39 --
1.8. A British Physician Describes the State of Africans upon Their Arrival in Brazil (1841-1843) 43 --
1.9. A British Clergyman's Impressions of the Valongo Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro (1828) 48 --
Part 2. "A Hell for Blacks": Slavery in Rural Brazil --
2.1. An Italian Jesuit Advises Sugar Planters on the Treatment of Their Slaves (1711) 55 --
2.2. A Royal Decree on the Feeding of Slaves and Their Days Off (1701) 60 --
2.3. "I Doubt that the Moors Are So Cruel to Their Slaves": The Feeding of Slaves in Late Colonial Bahia 61 --
2.4. The Masters and the Slaves: A Frenchman's Account of Society in Rural Pernambuco Early in the Nineteenth Century 63 --
2.5. "The African Man Transformed into the American Beast": Slavery in Rural Pernambuco in the 1840s 71 --
2.6. Practical Advice on the Management of Plantation Slaves (1847) 77 --
2.7. Slave Life on a Plantation in the Province of Rio de Janeiro in the Late Nineteenth Century 79 --
2.8. A Medical Report on Slaves on Five Coffee Plantations in the Province of Rio de Janeiro (1853) 86 --
2.9. "There Are Plantations Where the Slaves Are Numb with Hunger": A Medical Thesis on Plantation Diseases and Their Causes (1847) 91 --
2.10. The Annual Work Routine on Plantations in Maranhao in the Mid-Nineteenth Century 96 --
2.11. A Brazilian Senator Comments on the High Mortality among Rural Slave Children in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century 99 --
2.12. A Bahian Sugar Planter Registers His Slaves (1872) 100 --
Part 3. Slave Life in Cities and at the Mines --
3.1. Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro as Seen through Newspaper Advertisements (1821) 111 --
3.2. A North American Describes Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro (1846) 115 --
3.3. A Royal Navy Surgeon Discusses the Black Coffee Carriers of Rio de Janeiro (1848) 124 --
3.4. The Sedan Chair and the Hammock: Urban Transportation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 126 --
3.5. Slave Prostitutes in the Brazilian Capital (1871) 129 --
3.6. Newspaper Advertisements for Black Wet Nurses (1821-1854) 133 --
3.7. A French Doctor with Twelve Years of Medical Experience in Brazil Advises Mothers on Choosing a Black Wet Nurse (1843) 135 --
3.8. Was the Black Wet Nurse a Transmitter of Disease? A Medical Debate in Rio de Janeiro (1846) 137 --
3.9. The Black Wet Nurse: A Status Symbol (1863) 139 --
3.10. Slave Workers at the Diamond Washings of Tejuco, Minas Gerais, in the Early Nineteenth Century 140 --
3.11. Black Miners at a British-Owned Gold Mine in the 1860s 143 --
3.12. "Common Graves": How City Slaves Were Buried 147 --
Part 4. "From Babylon to Jerusalem": Slavery and the Catholic Church --
4.1. Slavery and Church Doctrine: The Archbishop of Bahia Rules on Slave Evangelization and Aspects of Their Treatment (1707) 154 --
4.2. "Children of God's Fire": A Seventeenth-Century Jesuit Finds Benefits in Slavery but Chastizes Masters for Their Brutality in a Sermon to the Black Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary 163 --
4.3. A Jesuit Friar Writes on Slave Marriage and Immoral Acts Forced by Masters upon Their Slaves (1700) 174 --
4.4. The Black Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary in Recife in the Eighteenth Century 178 --
4.5. The Archbishop of Bahia Staunchly Supports Slavery and the Slave Trade (1794) 180 --
4.6. Slaves as Prizes in a Lottery Benefiting the Santa Casa da Misericordia in Ouro Preto (1825) 182 --
4.7. A Catholic Brotherhood Is Authorized to Buy and Sell Slaves (1842) 185 --
4.8. A British Resident of Pernambuco Describes the Beneficial Effects of Catholicism on Slaves, Notably upon Those Belonging to Plantations of the Benedictine Order (about 1815) 185 --
4.9. A Slave Revolt at a Carmelite Estate in Para (1865) 192 --
4.10. "The Negroes Were Holding Their Saturnalia": A Popular Festival at the Church of Our Lady of Bomfim in Bahia (1860) 194 --
Part 5. Relations between the Races --
5.1. "The Fact Remains that They Are Black": Racial Attitudes in Eighteenth-Century Portugal and Brazil 203 --
5.2. "Even a Considerable Tinge Will Pass for White": A British Resident of Pernambuco Analyzes Brazilian Racial and Social Categories Early in the Nineteenth Century 210 --
5.3. Four Classes of Blacks: The Observations of a British Clergyman in Rio de Janeiro (1828) 216 --
5.4. Official Acts Opposing or Outlawing Discrimination against Mulattoes and Free Blacks (1689 and 1849) 220 --
5.5. The Influence of Black and Mulatto Household Slaves upon the Character of the Brazilian Upper Class 221 --
5.6. Racial Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Maranhao 225 --
5.7. "Who Am I?" A Mulatto Ex-Slave Ridicules in Verse the Bigotry of His Racially Mixed Fellow Brazilians (1859) 229 --
5.8. A Popular Verse Suggests Portuguese and Brazilian Attitudes toward Racial Mixing (1826) 231 --
5.9. A Renowned Brazilian Mulatto Encounters Prejudice in New York but Is Rescued by Brazilian Friends: A Contrast in Race Relations (1873) 232 --
Part 6. "Peculiar Legislation": Slavery and the Law --
6.1. "This Dark Blotch on Our Social System": An Analysis of the Legal Status of Slaves and Freedmen in Brazilian Society (1866) 237 --
6.2. Legal Restrictions on the Activities of Slaves and Free Non-Whites in Portugal (1521, 1545, 1559, and 1621) 245 --
6.3. Restrictions on the Activities of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Brazil 247 --
6.4. Special Legal Provisions Concerning Slaves Promulgated in the First Years of the Empire 251 --
6.5. The Government of Bahia Orders Special Measures to Restrict and Control the Province's Slave Population (1822) 254 --
6.6. The Province of Rio de Janeiro Restricts the Activities of Slaves, Free Africans, and Other Foreigners to Reduce the Threat of Slave Rebellion (1836) 256 --
6.7. Local Ordinances Bearing on Slavery from Six Provincial Law Collections (1833-1866) 259 --
6.8. Could a Slave Acquire His Freedom against His Master's Will by Offering Him His Value? Two Legal Opinions and the Negative Decision of the Council of State (1853-1854) 267 --
6.9. A Master Abuses His Adolescent Slave Girl: A Court Case of 1883-1884 273 --
6.10. "And We Are the Best of Masters!": An Abolitionist Writes on the Legal System, Punishment, and the Extraordinary Power of the Master Class (1837) 281 --
Part 7. "Shamefully Torn before Thy Eyes": Corporal Punishment --
7.1. The Governor of Grao Para and Maranhao Informs the Portuguese King of Cruel Punishments Inflicted upon Indian Slaves (1752) 289 --
7.2. "This Rustic Theology": A Catholic Priest Admonishes Slaveholders about the Cruel Punishment of Their Slaves (1758) 292 --
7.3. Advice on Plantation Punishment from an Agricultural Handbook (1839) 297 --
7.4. Lashes Inflicted upon Slaves at the Jail (Calabouco) in Rio de Janeiro (1826) 301 --
7.5. "The Scene Was Deeply Afflicting": A Britisher Describes the Punishment of a Slave at the Rio Calabouco Early in the Nineteenth Century 303 --
7.6. "This, Then, Is Not a Crime": The Trial of a Coffee Planter Accused of Brutal Punishment (1878) 305 --
7.7. Changing Attitudes: The Minister of Justice Cautions Provincial Presidents on the Dangers of Excessive Punishment (1861) 314 --
7.8. A Government Report of the Deaths of Two Slaves Caused by Brutal Punishment (1887) 315 --
Part 8. The Perils of Being Black --
8.1. An Unconditional Grant of Freedom (1851) 319 --
8.2. A Conditional Grant of Freedom (1827) 319 --
8.3. The "Liberation" of Eight Legally Free Children (1878) 320 --
8.4. A Slave Petitions for Protection from His Master (1876) 321 --
8.5. Disposing of Stray Blacks, Beasts, and Cattle (Bens do Evento) (1728) 322 --
8.6. The President of Rio Grande do Norte Regulates Disposal of Bens do Evento (1862) 323 --
8.7. A Public Notice of Human Bens do Evento Lodged in a Jail in Parana (1857) 326 --
8.8. An Auction of Human Bens do Evento in Rio de Janeiro (1867) 326 --
8.9. A Lawyer Deplores the Legal Concept of Human Bens do Evento (1873) 327 --
8.10. The Precariousness of Freedom: The Statement of a Black Man Named John Eden (1843) 330 --
8.11. A Royal Decree Condemning "Free Africans" to Fourteen Years of Involuntary Servitude (1818) 332 --
8.12. A Scottish Doctor Reports on the Mistreatment of "Free Africans" (1838) 333 --
8.13. An Ex-Guardian of "Free Africans" Describes Their Treatment (1866) 338 --
8.14. An "Emancipado" Is Granted His Final Certificate of Freedom (1864) 339 --
8.15. The Services of "Ingenuos" (Freeborn Children of Slave Women) Are Placed in Public Auction (1882) 341 --
8.16. "This Very Barbarous and Inhuman Traffic": A Bahian Planter-Politician Seeks to Abolish the Inter-Provincial Slave Trade (1854) 343 --
8.17. A Britisher Describes the Inter-Provincial Slave Trade of the 1850s 351 --
8.18. A Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Bahia Describes the Overland Slave Traffic (1880) 354 --
8.19. Slaves Are Bought in Northern Brazil for Shipment to the South 355
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