God's crucible: Islam and the making of Europe, 570 to 1215

The superpowers

"The Arabs are coming!"

"Jihad!"

The co-opted caliphate and the stumbling Jihad

The year 711

Picking up the pieces after Rome

The myth of Poitiers

The fall and rise of the Umayyads

Saving the popes

An empire of force and faith

Carolingian Jihads: Roncesvalles and Saxony

The great mosque

The first Europe, briefly

Equipoise

delicate and doomed

Disequilibrium Pelayo's revenge

Knowledge transmitted, rationalism repudiated: Ibn Rushd and Musa ibn Maymun.